Development of the Childs Brain

Development of the Childs Brain Early Childhood Development (ECD): A step towards a better future Shamsa Amin Hussaini Gifted with countless skills and abilities, every child enters this world with a fresh, fertile, sponge-like brain, ready to be exploited. The critical years of every child begins from the conception through birth to the 8 years of age and according to developmental psychology, this is the time of significant physical, cognitive, social and emotional development for every person. Incidents and experience in these first few years of life, and even before birth leave their impressions throughout children’s life, signifying the influence of external environment on a child’s development. Dr. Hiam Ginnot says, â€Å"Children are like wet cement. Whatever falls on them makes an impression.† Therefore, these early years are said to be the best time for children to learn and should be maximized to lay a foundation of a brighter future. The explosion of research in this area of Early Childhood Development (ECD) has gained public attention and has become a topic for discus sion. Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, Missouri (2012), states that researches over the years indicate that significant short-term and long-term benefits are gained by children who participated in early education programs. Additionally, three meta-analyses of over 120 research studies indicate that around eighty percent children with ECD programs scored better on school entry as compared to those who did not experience such programs. Moreover, Tribune (2013) reveals that globally the enrolment in primary school has increased,from fifty-three percent in 1990 to eighty-one percent in 2011.This signifies the benefit of ECD children are receiving. However, there are a lot of people who are unaware of this knowledge or do not make ECD initiatives a part of their lives and eventually remain deprived of its benefits. According to UNICEF (2013), each year, 7.6 million children under the age of five die worldwide and more than two-hundred million children do not reach their full potentials. This in turn makes their countries lose approximately twenty percent of the adult productivity. Besides, in Pakistan there exist a lack of significant data and statistics about ECD implementation, however, it was reported that about 86 children every 1000 live births were reported to die in 2012 (Tribune, 2014) and no one knows how many of the living children may not have achieved their developmental milestones. Researchers have proved that a positive Early Childhood Development can open a world of possibilities and opportunities for a child but many children in Pakistan are never exposed to it. Similar to Pakistan, there are several other developing countries where children less than eight years are suffers multiple things which negatively influences their development. There could be several reasons due to which many children are unable to maximize their potentials in developing countries like Pakistan. These may include poverty, gender biasness, economic status, e thnicity, disability and poor health. All these factors prevent these innocent beings from receiving adequate nutrition, care and opportunities to learn as their environment is non-stimulating for a positive growth. Such circumstances make the poor families focus on keeping their children fed and neglecting the other cognitive, health, emotional and social needs of their children. Concurrently, researches prove that children without exposure to ECD programs lack in their social, emotional and cognitive skills. Therefore, the significance of this issue in countries like Pakistan cannot be denied. . If these children are provided with appropriate Early Childhood Development, may become a source of the country’s development in future and bring prosperity. This article aims to provide a basic understanding about Early Childhood Development, its statistics, the importance of investing in it and the ways to promote it within the society. Understanding of Early Childhood Development varies from people to people and is affected by several factors including local and family traditions, culture, national policies, schooling systems, awareness etc. However, increasing discussions about early childhood activities and development had familiarized people with the concept to some extent. ECD is not just confined to schooling and education, but, it is concerned with holistic well-being of a child. While it stresses on providing a joyful learning environment at schools, it also caters child’s health, nutrition and hygiene. ECD also entails cognitive, social, physical and emotional development. Therefore, Early Childhood Development may not just be conducted at school environment or a formal setting, it may occur at an informal setting as well, provided by anyone from governmental organizations (NGOs), governmental organizations to communities and parents. Literature reveals that the major concept behind the ECD programs is that every child is unique with different growth and developmental needs to be addressed. Moreover, ECD programs does not just develop children, it also compensates for any kind of negative influences or experiences in any aspect of life like social, emotional, nutritive, cognitive et cetera. In addition, ECD also supports Child Rights Convention, according to which every child has a right to be provided with opportunities to develop his personality and his mental and physical abilities. Scientific researchers have proved that about ninety percent of the brain develops by the age of five years and during early childhood, genetics, environment and experiences together work to build integrated circuits in the brain. Additionally, a stimulating environment, adequate nutrients and social interaction are said to be the major requirement for optimal brain development. ECD programs focus on these factors and emphasizes on providing stimulating environments to children ad meet all their needs for the betterment of their future lives. However, children’s development is often ignored in our society where they are seen as smaller versions of adults due to which advances in physical, psychological and social development remains unimportant. The normal development of children is categorized into three aspects; physical, psychological and emotional. Physically, the rate of development increases as children passes infancy. With increasing age children develop different gross and fine motor skills. As discussed earlier, both genetic and environmental factors affect the child’s normal development. Growth of a child depends on certain hormones in the body. The particular hormone responsible for physical development of a child is sensitive to environmental stressors. Environment with less stress and more care, love and stimulation favors the growth of children. Thus, environmental factors play a significant role in children’s physical development. Apart from physical, normal psychological development of children includes cognitive and emotional development. Psychologist, Jean Piaget adequately explains the cognitive development during childhood. According to him children play an active role in gaining, constructing and understanding the knowledge of the world. He developed four stages of children’s cognitive development. According to which, early cognitive development involves processes based upon actions whereas in later stages there are changes in mental operations of children. As they grow, their thinking becomes logical, abstract and their learning abilities improve. Moreover, children begin to use deductive reasoning and abstract ideas as their age increases. Also, children experience enhanced concentration, judgment and attention span with age. In addition to cognition, children also exhibit emotional development like increase in self-awareness and feeling empathy and pain. Further, children begin to appreciate the feelings and perceptions of others, contributing to their moral development. Hence, psychological development enhances children’s moral reasoning and abilities. Furthermore, children’s social development occurs as they grow and come in contact with the people around them. This aspect of their development includes relationship of child with their parents, siblings and friends. Literature underlines that early relationships with caregivers play a major role in children’s development and continue to influence social relationships throughout life. According to psychologist Albert Bandura, children learn new behaviors from people each time when they interact with their social environment. By observing the actions of others, they tend to develop new skills and acquire new information which they practice later. Also, with increasing age, children become more socially active and participate in different activities where they have hands-on experiences, helping in developing higher brain functioning. Also, children love to play different games and as they grow, they move from solitary state to playing in groups and respecting others†™ opinions. ECD is an initiative which aids the normal development of children and fulfils their developmental milestones that are related to their physical, social and emotional aspect. It also guarantees outstanding returns not just for the individual alone but for the society and the country too. Therefore, the developing countries are seen to support the idea as it provides them, a hope of overcoming the darkness of poverty and other problems. Also, literature says that learning experiences in early years of life has lasting impacts on the holistic well-being of an individual and the development missed at this stage can hardly be replaced in later life. And if replaced, it is expensive and challenging, therefore, Early Childhood Development should be focused as a preventive and secure measure for each child. Arguments exist that children have always grown up to be intelligent and reliable young adults without the benefits of an intentionally planned proper early childhood development programs. But in today’s vast and challenging world there is a need to provide children with environment of learning opportunities so that our future generation could grow up into successful people and in turn benefit our country. For the same, several initiatives have been taken at community, national and international levels. UNESCO and UNICEF are two of the several international organizations which work to close the knowledge gap and promote ECD initiatives throughout the world to improve children’s life. Furthermore, it has been observed that in developing countries, effective ECD facilities and services are available mostly to the high profile and rich areas leaving the poor deprived and dwelling in the cycle of poverty. However, there are still several governmental and NGOs working throug hout Pakistan, in urban and rural areas, to benefit the population with ECD initiatives in all aspects. Some of them are; Ali Institute of Education, Aga Khan Development Network, Children’s Global Network for Pakistan, HOPE, and PAHVNA, Health and Nutrition Development Society. Even though organizations are working to promote ECD programs in Pakistan yet, a lot needs to be done. We need to ensure that the possibilities of the world remain open to every child and this could be achieved by providing a safe stimulating environment in early childhood. Today’s children are the future of every nation; they will become tomorrow’s citizens, workers, and parents. So, society, parents and government should invest wisely in ECD initiatives as they play a vital role in preparing the younger generations for a lifetime of productivity and prosperity. Several strategies could be adapted to progress towards the goal of providing healthier learning experiences both at home and in community too. Primarily, parents need to be aware of the concept of ECD and its importance as they control their children’s life. They should be empowered to nurture their child’s development and in absence of professional ECD programs and services, parents could independently be a source of a positive early childhood development for their child by paying attention to young children’s emotional, social, cognitive and health needs. Community, governmental and NGOs could do this through informative programs, advertisements, discussions and parents’ education initiatives. Moreover, society at large needs to be educated about importance and benefits of investing in ECD programs as well. For the purpose of spreading awareness and knowledge, not just amongst parents but also for the society as a whole, media could be beneficial as it reaches out to large number of people at diverse places, belonging to different cultures, in shorter time. Besides, adopting interventions respecting the economic, social and cultural aspects of the community would make it easier for the community people to accept and practice them, ultimately promoting Early Childhood Development. For example, healthcare professionals could support parents to integrate their child-rearing practices with the recent, scientific recommended approaches to bring up their child more efficiently. Additionally, teachers should be empowered and informed about ways to blend the concept of ECD with their teaching learning practices. This could be done through training programs, supervisions, and monitoring children’s development with time. Moreover, community people could be empowered to establish low-cost community based centers in order to enhance the development of the children in the particular community. Apart from community, NGOs and government together could play a vital role in promoting ECD throughout the society. They could join hands and work in partnership to pro vide holistic ECD services to the country. Furthermore, at governmental level, policy initiatives like promoting rich learning environment for young children can provide a basis for their future productivity and success in the society. As highlighted above, low socioeconomic status is one of the factors leading to ineffective childhood development of several children in Pakistan. Therefore, there exists a need to adopt simple, cost-effective measures which could be implemented at home or anywhere to promote a healthier ECD and minimize the negative effects of the economic status. In community, ECD can be best promoted by mother, family especially grandmothers and cousins. Mothers could engage their children in different activities at home like playing with objects, singing poem, showing colorful pictures, making origami or involving children in fruits or vegetable identification. These activities can help in promoting children’s cognitive development. Also, children love to play with their grandparents, who can tell stories to the kids and play with them at free time. The more children listen to people, they improve their own language and vocabulary, so, communication and storytelling can help parents develo p language skills of their children. Moreover, parents could be trained regarding different activities they could plan for their child at home. Besides, physical development of children could be achieved though several ways including provision of proper nutrition. All in all, children’s growth and development should be a primary focus of community as well as government as these young people are the ones who will form the workforce of the country in the near future. To bring about prosperity and success, every individual needs to get active. One should start with his own home; one simple act can create a big effect. It is hoped that a better understanding about the rapidly growing concept of Early Childhood Development can ignite a thought to work for ECD of children at every level possible. Today, when the world is speedily moving ahead, there is a compelling need for the adults to choose and act wisely to create better, competitive and capable individuals within the available, limited resources in Pakistan. Therefore, make a wise decision, support and invest in Early Childhood Development programs to nurture optimal growth and development of the children in our country. References http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Inequities_in_Early_Childhood_Development_LoRes_PDF_EN_02082012.pdf Download – national scientific council RCC http://www.successdegrees.com/inspirationalquotesaboutearlychildhoodeducationandteaching.html http://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/index_40748.html http://nowforlater.org/files/2013/03/The-Facts.pdf http://data.worldbank.org/country/pakistan http://tribune.com.pk/story/665437/at-8-6-pakistan-is-among-countries-with-highest-infant-mortality-unicef-report/ http://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=enlr=id=sTuWAgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA339dq=physical+development+of+childots=rVCJYirUYrsig=uz_4SqhKfY2mRUI6sVu1E3pHxfo#v=onepageq=physical%20development%20of%20childf=false http://bernard.pitzer.edu/~dmoore/psych199s03articles/bjorklund.pdf

History of Internet Essay -- essays research papers

Without a doubt, the Internet is undergoing a major transition as it experiences a tremendous influx of new users. Due to the anarchic, distributed nature of the net, we cannot even begin to enumerate the population of the Internet or its growth. As more of the world's population moves on-line, new concerns will arise which did not confront the earlier generations. The new culture will demand different resources, services and technology than the old generations expected and used. Already we can witness a clash between the emergent culture and the entrenched culture. The largest conflicts occurring now are about sharing resources, the impending commercialization of the net, and the growing problem of computer crime. The Internet was born in the union of government and researchers, and for two decades afterwards remained mostly the realm of those two groups. The net began as ARPANET, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Net, designed to be decentralized to sustain operations through a nuclear attack. This nature persists today in the resilience of the net, both technologically and in its culture. ARPANET was phased out in 1990 and the net backbone was taken over by NSFNET (National Science Foundation). Since 1969 the main users of cyberspace have been involved in research or in the university community as computer experts or hackers, exploring the limitations and capabilities of this new technology. These people formed a cohesive community with many of the same goals and ethics. In addition to the homogeneity of the net, the small size contributed to a strong feeling of community. There has been some conflict between the hackers and the researchers over sharing resources, and philosophies about security and privacy, but on the whole, the two groups have co-existed without major incident. The newest of the members of the so-called old generation are the university users who are not involved in research work on the net. Generally these are the students using the net for email, reading netnews and participating in interactive real-time conversations through talk, telnet or irc. This wave of people integrated smoothly with the community as it existed. Still sharing the common research and education orientation, the community remained cohesive and the culture did not change much, perhaps it only expanded in the more playful areas. These users did not compete ... ...go. For many centuries after writing began, this skill was left in the hands of the educated elite - mainly the church servants. When literacy finally came to the majority of the middle class and some of the lower class, the Renaissance began. Similarly, we are witnessing the opening of a new medium of information to the general populace, and we can only guess at the outcome. References 1.Brandt, Daniel. Cyberspace Wars: Microprocessing vs. Big Brother. NameBase NewsLine, No. 2, July-August 1993. 2.Response from Canter&Siegel's net access providers April 1994 3.Dern, Daniel. ``Myth or Menace? A History of Business on the Net.'' Internet World July/August 1994 pp 96-98. 4.Elmer-Dewitt, Philip. ``Battle for the Soul of the Internet.'' Time Magazine, July 25, 1994 pp 50-56. 5.Hardy, Henry. History of the Net 6.Hirsh, Robert. AOL FTP Access Oct 13, 1994. 7.US State of MD gopher site 8.Meyer, Gordon. The Social Organization of the Computer Underground. August 1989 9.Otto, Justin. post to alt.netcom.conspiracy Aug 9, 1994. 10.Townson, Patrick. MCI Employee Cearged TELECOM Digest V14 #385 11.Taylor, Roger. ``Brave New Internet.'' Internet World, September 1994 pp 36-42.

A Study on the Need of Women Education for Socio-Economic Development of Rural Assam

ABSTRACT TITLE: A Study on the Need of Women Education for Socio-Economic Development of Rural Assam Birinchi Choudhury** Without the development the rural areas of Assam, we can never materialize our goal for being developed state by 2010 as declared by the present state govt. For the development of the rural Assam, including male, women education is a must. But women are neglected year after year. The attitude towards women hasnt changed yet. The literary rate shows this fact. According to the census, 2001, the literary rate in Assam is 64. 28 percent where 71. 93 percent for males and 56. 03 percent for female. In 2000, the infant mortality rate is 66 per thousand for males and 83 per thousand for females. What does it mean? Presently, nearly 2. 13 lakhs children of age group 6-14 years have not seen the varanda of primary school. In 2003, 2. 39 lakhs of children have left the primary schools without completing the course. Of course it reduced to 44,222 in 2005(September). It is seen that all the children are living below the poverty line and their parents are illiterate. Therefore, including male, women should be educated for complete eradication of illiteracy and for being developed socially, economically, culturally and politically. Lecturers of B. B. K. College, Nagaon, Barpeta 1 Title:- A Study On The Need Of Women Education For Socio-Economic Development Of Rural Assam Birinchi Choudhury** Executive summary Objective of the study: The objectives of the study are 1. To investigate whether any relation between the women education and socio- economic development of rural Assam 2. To inve stigate whether any relation between the women education and influence of her in her family. 3. To investigate whether any relation between the women education and standard of living of the family. Research methodology: Sampling method: Random sampling method. The population: Element: Wives and husbands Unit: Village Time: December. 2005 and January 2006. Sample size: 100 numbers of wives and 100 numbers of Husbands Limitation of the study: As the number of the sample is very small, therefore the findings may or may not be representation of the actual social position. Major findings: The findings of the study are 1. the socio economic development of the rural Assam mostly dependent on women education. 2. The educated women also try to motivate their children, irrespective of girls and boys, family members, society to be educated, self sufficient and conscious. 3. The education of the children, the standard of living of the family is mostly dependent on whether the woman of the family is educated or not. 4. Besides, her involvement in the society, e. g. socially, culturally, economically is also dependent on her education. Our study also shows that the family in which the woman is uneducated has higher number of children and her familys standard of living is also low. Even an uneducated wife doesnt know whether there is any need of education for her girls child. Therefore, mass women education is a must. Introduction: 2 Without the development the rural areas of Assam, we can never aterialize our goal for being developed state by 2010 as declared by the present state govt. For the development of the rural Assam, including male, women education is a must. But women are neglected year after year. The attitude towards women hasnt changed yet. The literary rate shows this fact. According to the census, 2001, the literary rate in Assam is 64. 28 pe rcent where 71. 93 percent for males and 56. 03 percent for female. In 2000, the infant mortality rate is 66 per thousand for males and 83 per thousand for females. What does it mean? Presently, nearly 2. 13 lakhs children of age group 6-14 years have not seen the aranda of primary school. In 2003, 2. 39 lakhs of children have left the primary schools without completing the course. Of course it reduced to 44,222 in 2005(September). It is seen that all the children are living below the poverty line and their parents are illiterate. Therefore, including male, women should be educated for complete eradication of illiteracy and for being developed socially, economically, culturally and politically. A few tables are given below which show the comparative statement between male and female. Table 1: Students not gone to school Year Number of children who have not seen Primary Schools 003 13. 40 lakhs 2004 1. 6 lakhs 2005(Sept. ) 2. 13 lakhs *Source: The Amar Asom, 29th Nov. , 2005. Table 2 : Comparative literary rate in Assam (percent) Year Over all Male Female 1961 32. 58 44. 28 18. 61 1971 33. 32 42. 96 22. 31 1991 53. 42 62. 38 43. 70 2001 68. 28 71. 93 56. 03 Table 3: Sex Ratio In Assam Year Sex Ratio 1901 919 1911 915 1921 896 1931 874 1941 875 1951 868 1961 869 1971 896 1991 925 2001 932 3 Objectives of the paper: The objectives of the study are. 1. To investigate whether any relation between the women education and socio- economic development of rural Assam 2. To investigate whether any relation between the women education and influence of her in her family. 3. To investigate whether any relation between the women education and standard of living of the family. Limitations of the study: – The study has the following limitations- (i) The study is conducted on samples taken from a few villages that cannot be judged as perfect representation of entire population spread all over the state. (ii) Primary data collected through questionnaire has its own limitations as it lacks proper o-operation and support from the viewers. (iii) Response error cannot be over ruled. (iv) Time factor is also another limitation. Methodology:- We have employed a random sampling method for the selection of the sample where a sample of 100 wives and 100 husbands of a few villages have been interviewed separately through two different questionnaires . Besides discussion and interactions with different people of our locality help us a lot in preparing this paper. Their views and ideas have been clearly reflected in our findings and suggestions. Analysis and findings: – (A). Analysis of the wives view point 1. Only 15%of the population are educated and 85%are uneducated. Uneducated ( 85%) educated( 15%) educated uneduccated 4 Out of the total educated wives 90% are under matriculate, 08% are matriculate, 02% are H. S. passed Matriculate (8%) H. S. (2%) under matriculate(90%) below matriculate matriculate H. S. 2. Out of the total population 95% are housewives and only 05% are employed. Employed (5%) house wives (95%) house wife employed Out of the total employed population, 20% are in govt job, only 40% are in private job nd 40% are self-employed. Self employed (40%) private job(40%) govt. job(20%) govt. privvate job self employed 5 3. Our survey shows that in case of 97% families, husbands income is the only source of income for the family; in 01% families, wifes income is the only source of income for the family and in 02% families, and both husband and wives earn income. Only wifes income (1%) Only husbands income (97%) both husband and wifes income(2%) only husbands income only wives income both husbands and wives . The study shows that 10% couple have 0-2 number children and 95% have 3 and above number of children. 0-2 child (10%) 3&above child(90%) 0-2no of child 3and above no child Out of the total child 60% are boys and 40% are girls Girls (40%) Boys(60%) boys girls 6 4. The study depicts that 95% wives never participated in the decision making process in their family. Wifes participation (5%) Non-participant (95%) participant non participant Those who have never participated in the decision making process, out of them 80% think hat it is their duty to obey the decision taken by their husbands. Wife has on right to go against husband (7%) Husband never do mistake (10%) Husband dislikes wifes participation (3% A B C D Wifes duty to obey the husband (80%) Those who have participated in the decision making process, out of them 60% think that they have better efficiency to run the family. Wives have the right to participate (40%) Wives have better efficiency (60 %) A B. 7 5. Our survey shows that 80% population prefer education for both boys and girls but emphasis more on boys. Education for both boys & girls (15%) Only for boys(5%) both boys & girls only for boys both boys & girls but more on boys Education for both boys & girls but emphasis on boys(80%) 7. 60% population prefer girls education because they think that education helps the girls for being self-sufficient. For overcoming exploitation (30%) For getting higher social status (7%) for being self sufficient for overcoming explitation for getting higher social status for motivating women to be educated For motivating females to be educated (3%) For being self-sufficient(60) Those who do not want girls education, out of them 60% population think that girls should not be educated since girls cannot look after them after their marriage. Difficult to find a suitable groom for educated girl(30%) only because she is a girl(10%) only because she is a girl she wont looks after after her marriage difficult to find a suitable groom for educateds girl She wont looks after after her marriage(60%) 8 6. 90% population do not involve in the society. Wives who donot involve in the society(90%) wives who involve(10%) invlve in the society donot involve in the society Those who want to involve in the society, out of them, 60% do so for organizing rural women to take part in the decision-making in various aspects of socio-economic life. getting popularity(10%) organizing rural women(60%) focusing herself &getting leadership(30%) 7. 60% population think that women education help in socio-economic development of the society. 20% do not think so and 20% have not given any comment. Women education helps in socio-economic development Cannot say(20%) yes(60%) yes no cannot say no(20%) for organizing rural women focussing herself & getting leadership eing popular Analysis of the husbands viewpoint: 1. The population survey shows that 70%population are educated and 30% are uneducated. Out of the total educated persons, 40% are below matriculated and only 1% is postgraduate. H. S. (20%) graduate(5%) post graduate(1%) others(4%) Matriculate (30%) matriculation(40%) 2. Agriculture is the main income source for 60% population and 5% are engaged in govt. jobs a nd 35% are in business. Business(35%) govt. job(5%) agriculture(60%) govt job agriculture busness 3. 60% husbands have educated wives. Uneducated(20%) educated(80%) educatd neducated below mariculation matriculate H. S. graduate postgraduate others 10 Out of these 80% are below matriculate. Matriculate(10%) H. S. (5%) graduate(2%) others(3%) under matriculate(80%) 4. Only 2% husbands have employed wives. Out of these 50% are in govt. jobs 50% are self-employed. unemployed wives(98%) employed(2%) employed unemployed Out of these 50% are in govt. jobs 50% are self-employed. Self-employed(50%) govt. jobs(50%) under matriculate matriculate H. S. graduate others govt. jos self-employed 11 5. 15% parents have 0-2 number of Childs and remaining 85 % parents have 3 or above Childs. 3 and above(85%) 0 2(15%) 90% populations want that their daughter should be educated. No of husbands want education for their girls(90%) donot want(10%) Out of the total population who want their girls Childs to be educated, 65% think that education help their daughter to be self-sufficient. For getting higher social status(10%) motivating women to be educated(5%) 0-2 3& above yes no for self sufficient for overcoming exploitation getting higher social status motivating women to be educated 12 For overcoming exploitation(20%) for self-sufficient(65%) Those who do not want education for their girls child, out of them 60% think that their daughter will not look after them after her marriage. Difficult to find a suitable groom (35%) wont look after after her marriage(60%) Only because she is a girl (5%) 6. 95% population do not want their wives participation in the decision making process in the family. Donot want wifes participation(95%) want wifes participation(5%) Those who do not want wives participation in the decision-making process, out of them, 80% think that it is the duty for the wives to obey the decision taken by them. She has no income(10%) she hasnot sufficient knowledge(10%) duty to obey the husband(80%) won't looks after after her marriage only because she is a girl difficult to find a suitable groom for educated girls yes no duty to obey the husband she has no income she hasn't sufficient knowledge 13 Those who support their wives participation, out of them 60% think that wives may have efficiency to run the family. She has right(40%) she may has better efficiency(60%) better efficiency she has right 7. 70% population support mass education and only 30% do not want education for women. onot want mass education(30%) want mass education(70%) yes no Conclusion: – After interviewing with the wives and husbands, it is seen observed that the educated respondent feel that women education is a must for socio-economic development of rural Assam. The educated populations have the tendency to provide education for both boys and girls equally. They have less number of child and they, with males, pr efer womens participation in the decision making process in the family as well as in the society. Of course, some uneducated people unable to understand the need of womens education for socio-economic development. Most of the uneducated women do not want to provide education for their girls child. There fore, we should change the mindset of the parents as well as the society. No doubt mass women education will be helpful in this respect. Suggestions: – The following suggestions can be put forwarded as per the primary study. 1. We have to change the mindset of the parents as well the society for reducing gender classification. We should change the mindset of the society so that the society recognizes the complementary role of the women. 2. Provision of quotas in the govt. jobs as well as private job may encourage the parents o provide education for their girls Childs. 3. Female students should be given scholar-ship in the college level. Tuition fees for women should be completely abolished. If it is not possible, it should be at least ? th. 14 4. Reservation in politics may be helpful for women empowerment. Women empowerment encourages women to provide opportunities to do for the welfare of the women. 5. We should create the consciousness of the parents; especially the women, we should create consciousness about the need of women education. For this, social awareness camp regarding women education in the village level should be organized. The govt. should take a mission for women education. For this, some local educated women who have grip in the society should be appointed for this mission. 6. Camp, seminar, road-play, open meeting and discussion, advertisement through different media such as radio, T. V. , cinema for women education may be helpful in this regard. Bibliography:- 1. Datt, Ruddar; Sundadharam,K. P. M. (2004), Indian economy S. Chand, New Delhi. 2. Baruah, D. K. ;Baruah Indira(2005), H. S. Economics 3. The Amar Asom, 29th Nov. , 2005,Guwahati. 4. The Dainik Batori, 14th January 2006,Guwahati. * Lecturers of B. B. K. College, Nagaon, Barpeta

The Case Of Elonis V. United States - 948 Words

Judiciary Assignment While, reading the case, Elonis v. United States, I was astonished to see that someone would post something so explicit, offensive, and inhumane. Basically, the case of Elonis v. United States is about a man named Anthony Elonis who is an upcoming rapper and used his stage name, Tone Dougie. His Facebook page consisted of him posting disturbing rap lyrics. Even though Elonis was going through a divorce with his former wife, which did not stop him from writing and posting crude lyrics. Eventually, it got to the point where his wife felt that she was being targeted by his lyrics. According to an article on, New York Times, Elonis wrote that he wanted to see a Halloween costume that included his wife’s â€Å"head† on a stick. Obviously, she felt threatened and reported the assaults to the police. Anthony Elonis was convicted for posting threats that targeted his wife, his coworkers, police officers, a kindergarten class, and even an FBI agent. Although Elonis argued that h is posting are not considered to be a â€Å"true threat† and that he is protected under the First Amendment. I believe he wanted to cause fear towards his wife, Tara and therefore, is his lyrics are a true threat. Basically, a true threat is defined as something a person would consider to be â€Å"purposely† harmful and cause pain. Elonis mentioned that his post were not offended nor were the threatening anybody. He stated that he did not have the intent of trying to harm anyone, he was just tryingShow MoreRelatedElonis V. United States950 Words   |  4 PagesKhin Pont Pont Kyaw POLS Y305 Professor Judy Failer 19 February 2016 Elonis V. United States In the case of Elonis v. United States, the United States Supreme Court ruled that Elonis’s speech did not count as a â€Å"true threat† since a subjective intent to threaten was needed. An objective standard would not be sufficient in this case because we want to separate actual criminal acts from heat of the moment mistakes. However, the decision of the Supreme Court does not include intended victims of theRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Free Speech1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Elonis v. United States sase is of particular notoriety due to its exemplification of both the role in which social media play in free speech, as well as the fine line between free and hate speech. Multiple stances and theories can be utilized as a means of understanding and justifying the Elonis case, including Mill’s theories of liberty, free speech, and the public and private spheres. Ultimately, the Elonis case was unethical and derived a need for legal action against Anthony Elonis, establishingRead MoreA Brief Note On Crime And Social Media Essay947 Words   |  4 Pagesdetermining whether or not certain actions preformed online are in violation of the United State’s law. Elonis v. United States is the result of social media posts by Anthony Douglas Elonis. Under a pseudonym â€Å"Tone Dougie† used on the social media website Facebook, Elonis, after his wife left him, posted self-styled rap lyrics (University). The rap lyrics in questions contained vividly violent language and imagery. Elonis often included disclaimers that the lyrics were fictional, that he had no intentionRead MoreElonis V. United States1334 Words   |  6 Pages Elonis v. United States In the Supreme Court case, Elonis v. United States, Anthony Elonis, the petitioner, claimed that his First Amendment rights were being denied. Elonis used Facebook as a platform for venting comments about people who he felt had done him wrong. Elonis’ words, however, were interpreted to be threats. As an American citizen, Anthony Elonis is protected by the First Amendment as he claims. Having freedom of speech, however, does not mean that a person can say anything theyRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1497 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship and challenges between the First Amendment and social media in 2015, ruling that it is difficult to accurately evaluate the intentions of others through social media posts. Social media is creating a new communication revolution in the United States and is generating more effective means to address government issues, but the challenges have demanded policy changes and clarifications of the First Amendment. Social media first experienced it boom of popularity with the birth of MySpace in 2003Read MoreIn Order To Measure The Legal Realm Of Social Media, It1616 Words   |  7 Pagesof speech: The First Amendment. The First Amendment specifically states in the United States Constitution, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.† This Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America is what gives people the right to practice religion,Read MoreAccording To The First Amendment Of The United States Constitution,1747 Words   |  7 Pagesto the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, the people of the nation are entitled to the freedom of speech, but not all speech is the same. The internet provides us with an infinite amount o f information, grants us access to virtually everything we could want and acts as an unrestrained vehicle of communication. In the day and age where technology is advancing and social media and internet are of rising importance, the Supreme Court of the United States has been faced with the challengeRead MoreBrown V Board Of Education1386 Words   |  6 PagesLandmark Supreme Court Cases ï  ¬ Brown v Board of Education (1954) ïÆ'Ëœ The Background: In the 1950’s, schools were separated by race. Linda Brown and her sister had to walk down a dangerous railroad switchyard to get to the bus stop to their all-black elementary school. There was an all-white school closer to the Brown’s house, and the Brown family believed that segregated schools violated the Constitution. ïÆ'Ëœ The Constitutional Issue: This issue violated the Equal Protection Clause of the FourteenthRead MoreAssignment 1 : Free Speech During Wartime1352 Words   |  6 Pagesand reported and had no filter. But they deserve to properly inform the people, especially when the government is limited the information, that could ease families minds and calm tension between the citizens and the government. Debs v. United States, (1919), Eugene V. Debs, a leader of the American Socialist Party, addressed an anti-war rally in 1918. At this rally, Debs praised other Socialist leaders who had previously been arrested for opposing the draft law. Debs told his audience (which includedRead MoreThe First Amendment Of The United States Constitution1943 Words   |  8 PagesThere are many elements of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution to address. The area of the Freedom of Speech applies to every aspect of our daily lives. An examination of this area shows us why there are protect ed and unprotected areas of speech: speeches and actions that have been debated throughout our nation’s history and why they are important and have such an impact on our individual lives and social activities today. The adoption of the First Amendment drafted by James Madison